RESEARCH PAPER
CHAPTER 1
Introduction:
Education helps students to be knowledgeable not only in academic aspects but also in aspects of life. Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is a subject that teaches different skills that the student might need in the near future of their life. It also teaches the students to be competitive and to be skillful in any occupational field.
Background of the study
Originated from the armed forces of the Philippines school for enlisted me AFPSEM).Established informally in fort stotsenbergh (Basa Air Base) in 1946. It was originally conceived as a school for enlisted men of secondarywhich aimed to extend the benefit education to AFP personnel who were recruited to fight during the huk campaign.It was established as a public school in 1958 as a result of a M.O.A. Between the department of education and the Philippines army on September 11, 1958. In 1967, it was upgraded by the virtue of the approval of the DECS into a tertiary educational system and was named Fort Bonifacio College In 1988, the high school department was nationalized..January 10, 1990, the Philippines army ceded the fort Bonifacio College to the city government of Makati through a memorandum of agreement. FBHS now occupies a multimillion modern building given by the city of Makati under the dynamic leadership of former mayor Jejomar C. Binay and the city council headed by former vice mayor Arturo Yabut. Dr. Erlinda C. Usabal was the principal of FBHS.
In April 2003, Mr. Dominico C. Idanan was designated as the new principal of the school. He introduced a goal-oriented Fort Bonifacio with the battle cry: Forward Fort Bonifacio High School and Hit the Star. February 26, 2004, the school website was launched with the domain name www. fbhs-makati.edu.ph. Mr. Idanan is now the Assistant Superintendent of the Division of City Schools of Muntinlupa
Mr. Samuel C. Bulan is at present the Officer in Charge of Fort Bonifacio. With his mission of leading the school to rebound from the cellar, he introduced the school slogan: One School, One Dream, One Goal: Excellence Through Renewed Commitment.
Technology and Livelihood department once called Practical Arts is one of the eight subjects in the school
responsible for providing practical knowledge and skills to students. It is considered as the laboratory of life. Mrs. Rosalina C. Fronda started as head of the department on 1966. The subject was composed of various areas, the Industrial Arts, Agricultural Arts, Home Economics.
In 1992, the Secondary Education Development Program (SEDP) of the Department of Education gave emphasis on the value of Entrepreneurship as one of the areas of Technology and Home Economics. Mrs. Fronda retired last December 21, 2000.
In 1991, Mr. Claudio P. Rojo joined the Technology and Home Economics. The Technology area of the subject was handed to Mr. Rojo. The subject was composed of the Industrial Arts (IA), Agricultural Arts (AA), Business Distributive Arts (BDA) now called Entrepreneurship. The subject was soon renamed as Technology and Livelihood Education. The department became one again in 2000 Fronda under the headship of Mr. Claudio P. Rojo with the retirement of Mrs. Rosalina C.. Mrs. Teodora F. Besana was elected and designated as the Home Economics subject Coordinator. With the promotion of Mr. Wilmore Moredo, the Division TLE Supervisor, Mr. Claudio P. Rojo with his outstanding accomplishments filled the vacuum position and assigned as Division TLE Coordinator in 2004.Mrs. Lilybeth D. Sagmaquen, Master Teacher II, was designated by the Division of City Schools ofMakati as the Officer in Charge of the TLE department. She was the proponent and webmaster of theschool website who is at the same time the present Information and Communication TechnologyCoordinator of the school. Some innovations have been introduced into the department that marks some changes including the conduct of evaluation of teachers by the students which was also adapted by other department.
Theoretical Framework
Reinforcement theory This theory was developed by the behaviourist school of psychology, notably by B.F. Skinner earlier this century (Laird 1985, Burns 1995). Skinner believed that behaviour is a function of its consequences. The learner will repeat the desired behaviour if positive reinforcement (a pleasant consequence) follows the behaviour.
Positive reinforcement, or 'rewards' can include verbal reinforcement such as 'That's great' or 'You're certainly on the right track' through to more tangible rewards such as a certificate at the end of the course or promotion to a higher level in an organisation.
Negative reinforcement also strengthen a behaviour and refers to a situation when a negative condition is stopped or avoided as a consequence of the bahaviour. Punishment, on the other hand, weakens a behaviour because a negative condition is introduced or experienced as a consequence of the behaviour and teaches the individual not to repeat the behaviour which was negatively reinforced. A set of conditions is created which are designed to eliminate behaviour (Burns, 1995, p.108). Laird considers this aspect of behaviourism has little or no relevance to education. However, Burns says that punishment is widely used in everyday life although it only works for a short time and often only when the punishing agency is present.
Burns notes that much Competency Based Training is based on this theory, and although it is useful in learning repetitive tasks like multiplication tables and those work skills that require a great deal of practice, higher order learning is not involved. There is criticism of this approach that it is rigid and mechanical.
Conceptual Framework
Education has its own innovation nowadays, as well as the subjects. One of the subjects that have its innovation is the Technology and Livelihood Education. This is where students learn different skills for their job and help them to get ready for the world of adults.
Statement of the problem
The subject Technology and Livelihood Education has a large scope of subjects that requires skills and knowledge. But also, they are facing problems like some problems on their facilities, lack of tools and equipments, TLE teachers are having a hard time on how they will demonstrate their lessons if the equipments they need is not enough, the students begin to lose interest. These are the problems that will try to solve in this study.
Significance of the study
The importance of study especially in the field of education is for the authority to know what are the problems of public schools, for the students and teachers to be aware of the happenings around them and for the staff of the school to take action.
Scope and limitation
The researcher chose the senior students of Tinajeros National High School because they have the much experience in their TLE classes. The researcher used the random sampling method to choose students.
Definition of terms
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